Gynecological Complaint

What are the different types of disorders?

The term “gynaecological disorders” refers to problems with the female reproductive system. Breasts, uterus, fallopian tube, ovaries, and external genitalia are all part of the reproductive system.
At some point in her life, every woman will experience a gynaecological disorder. Gynecological diseases have a significant impact on female sexual function. These should not be taken lightly because they can have a negative impact on a woman’s capacity to bear children and, in severe situations, even endanger her life.
What are the Top Ten Women’s Gynecological Disorders?
In this post, the top ten most prevalent gynaecological problems will be discussed briefly. They include the following:
Gynaecological SIMS Hospital
What are the most common gynaecological symptoms that require a visit to a gynaecologist?
During menstruation, every woman has vaginal bleeding and discharge. However, if you see anything unusual, you should not disregard it and should consult your gynaecologist. Mild symptoms can be treated, but severe cases, as well as those that are ignored for an extended period of time, can lead to infertility. Some vaginal symptoms could be indicators of sexually transmitted illnesses or possibly cervical cancer. If you have any of the following symptoms, you should see a doctor.

Common Gynaecologic Condition:

Dysmenorrhea (painful periods) is one of the most common symptoms of menopause.
Dysmenorrhea is a painful period that prevents you from doing your usual duties. Primary and secondary dysmenorrhea are the two forms.
Primary dysmenorrhea:
There is no pelvic illness associated with primary dysmenorrhea. It mainly affects teens and occurs during ovulatory cycles. When a woman becomes pregnant or gives birth, the pain goes away on its own. Within two years of menarche, it generally appears. There may be a family history of comparable complaints, such as a mother or sister. It is more common among girls from rich backgrounds. The pain usually starts a few hours before or just before menstruation and lasts for a few hours, but it might last all day.
Secondary dysmenorrhea:
Secondary dysmenorrhea is a type of dysmenorrhea that occurs as a result of underlying pelvic illness. Chronic pelvic infection, pelvic endometriosis, uterine fibroids, and copper-T implantation in the uterus are all common causes. Patients in their thirties who have had children are the most common. The most common symptom of pain is that it is dull, localised in the back and front, and does not radiate. It starts 3-5 days before your period and ends when you start bleeding.
The focus of treatment is on the cause rather than the symptom.

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS):

In current period, PCOS is the most frequent problem among young females. The main causes are stressful and inactive lives.

It’s a condition characterised by amenorrhea, hirsutism, and obesity, as well as enlarged ovaries with numerous cysts.

Excess testosterone production by the ovaries is the major symptom. Multiple (more than 12) follicular cysts of 2-9 mm in diameter can be found in enlarged ovaries. Patients complain of increased weight, particularly abdominal obesity, as well as menstruation irregularities, infertility, hirsutism, and acne. Patients acquire insulin resistance and are more likely to develop diabetes.

The treatment is tailored to the individual. The emphasis is on weight loss, a healthy diet, yoga, and exercise. Medications may help with symptom relief. Assisted reproduction can help couples overcome infertility.

Fibroids:

Fibroids are the most frequent benign uterine tumour, as well as the most prevalent solid benign tumour in women. Fibroids are found in the wombs of at least 20% of women under the age of thirty. Fortunately, the majority of them (50%) are still asymptomatic. These are more common in women who have never had children or who have lost their fertility after having one child. Between the ages of 35 and 45, the frequency is highest.
Symptoms:
Heavy menstrual bleeding, irregular bleeding, dysmenorrhea, and infertility are among the symptoms, as are painful sexual intercourse, recurrent pregnancy loss (miscarriage or pre-term labour), lower abdomen or pelvic pain, and abdominal enlargement.

The majority of treatment is surgical, and the type of operation depends on the patient’s age and the severity of the problem.

Endometriosis:

Endometriosis is a condition in which the uterine lining (endometrium) is seen in unusual places such as the muscle layer of the uterus, the ovaries, tubes, and even beyond the pelvis.
Symptoms:
Painful periods, painful sex, heavy vaginal bleeding during and between periods, infertility, nausea, diarrhoea or constipation, and exhaustion during periods are some of the symptoms.

Pain drugs, hormone therapy such as birth control pills, patches, and vaginal rings, progestin-only pills, and Danazol, a synthetic steroid, are all used to treat the illness once it has been diagnosed. If medicinal treatment fails, endometriosis tissue may need to be removed by conservative surgery. Women who are infertile can benefit from assisted reproductive technologies. In severe circumstances, hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) may be performed as a last option during the reproductive years because pregnancy is impossible after hysterectomy.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease:

It’s a condition that affects the upper genital tract. The uterus, fallopian tubes, pelvic peritoneum, and surrounding structures are frequently involved in this range of infection and inflammation of the upper genital tract organs. It is a public health risk in both developed and underdeveloped countries. It is a big issue in young women’s reproductive health.

Menstruating teenagers, several sex partners, no contraceptive pill use, a history of pelvic inflammatory disease, IUCD users, and living in a location with a high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections are all risk factors.
Symptoms:
Lower abdomen and pelvic pain, fever, drowsiness, and headache are common symptoms, as are irregular and heavy vaginal bleeding, painful sexual intercourse, and abnormal vaginal discharge.
After determining the causal organism, treatment includes extensive antibiotic therapy.

Vaginits:

It is a vaginal infection and inflammation. Because there is a shortage of oestrogen in childhood, the estrogenic vaginal defence is weakened, and infection is easily spread. Infection by microscopic organisms is the most common cause of vaginitis in women of reproductive age.
Trichomonas vaginalis:
is the organism that causes Trichomonas vaginalis. Sudden copious and foul vaginal discharge, discomfort and itching around the vaginal area, painful urination, and increased urine frequency are all symptoms. The discharge is thin, greenish-yellow, foamy, and foul-smelling. The medication is metronidazole 200 mg, administered three times a day for one week.

Candida albicans is the organism that causes Candida vaginitis or moniliasis. Vaginal discharge is present, along with acute vulvovaginal irritation and painful sexual intercourse. The discharge is thick, curdy white, and flakes, and it adheres to the vaginal wall frequently.

The usage of medications like nystatin, clotrimazole, or miconazole in the form of vaginal cream or pessary is one treatment option. For the next two weeks, one pessary should be placed high in the vagina at bedtime.

Menopause:

Menopause is the end of reproductive life when menstruation ceases permanently due to ovarian activity decrease. It is confirmed after the cessation of menstruation for twelve months without any other pathology. Menopause occurs between the ages of 45 and 55.

Following menopause, the reproductive system’s organs shrink in size, and bone mass declines by 3-5 percent per year. Osteoporosis becomes a problem for the women. Postmenopausal women have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. Hot flushes are a typical symptom of menopause. A hot flush is defined as a quick sensation of warmth followed by copious sweating. Anxiety, headaches, sleeplessness, irritability, and sadness are all possible symptoms.

Painful sexual intercourse, a lack of sexual desire, vaginal infections and dryness, painful urination, stress incontinence, and recurring urinary tract infections are some of the other symptoms. Following menopause, oestrogen insufficiency causes all of these alterations.

Topical hormonal therapy (HT) is the best treatment for vaginal discomfort because it has less side effects.

Systemic HT may be required for vasomotor symptoms if the prescribed guidelines are rigorously followed. To avoid major side effects such clot formation (venous thromboembolism) and breast cancer, therapy should be given for the shortest time possible and at the lowest dose possible.
Painful sexual intercourse:
Painful sexual intercourse, commonly known as dyspareunia, refers to a difficult or painful sexual act. The most frequent sexual disorder is dyspareunia.

Narrow vagina, tough hymen, vulval infection, urethral disease, vaginitis, endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and other factors may be to blame.

Treatment is determined by the underlying cause. Frequently, both partners’ sex education relieves the problems.

Leucorrhea:

Excessive normal vaginal discharge is technically classified as leucorrhea. This indicates that while the white discharge is considerable, it is not infectious. Staining of the undergarments (brownish yellow after drying) or the necessity to use a pad are both signs of excessive secretion. It is non-infectious and has no unpleasant odour. It’s non-irritating and won’t make you scratch. It might happen biologically during puberty, ovulation, or around the menstrual cycle’s start date. It can also happen during pregnancy or when you’re excited about something sexual. It can also happen if you have a prolapsed uterus, a retroverted uterus, persistent pelvic inflammation, or you’re on the pill.

Case-by-case treatment is recommended, as is maintaining local hygiene.